Hii Guys, Our Today's Post About What is Linux? Components & Features Of Linux Operating System.
What is Linux?
From smartphones to cars, supercomputers, and home appliances, from home desktops to enterprise servers, the Linux operating system is everywhere.
Linux has been around since the 1990s and has since reached a user-base that spans the globe. Linux is indeed everywhere: it is on your phone, your thermostats, your cars, refrigerators, Roku appliances, and TVs. In addition to being the platform of choice for running desktop, server and embedded systems worldwide, Linux is one of the most reliable, secure and worry-free operating systems.
In fact, it is the most popular operating system software that manages all the hardware resources associated with your desktop or laptop. Simply put, the operating system manages the communication between your software and your hardware. Without the operating system (OS), the software will not work.
What is Linux? (What is Linux)
Linux is an operating system. An operating system is a type of computer control program that controls all the functions of the computer ie Linux. Other operating systems like MS-Dos, P.C. Dos is a software similar to Win-95/98 operating.
Linux is a multi-operating system, designed to be used on Intel 80386 personal computers. The development of Linux began in the 1960s. In 1968, researchers at the AT&T Bell Laboratory created a joint effort called MULTICS (Multiplexed Information Computer System, followed by the development of UNIX in 1969.
Linux developed from UNIX. Linux developed Torworld Its first version 0.11 was released in 1991. The graphical interface of Linux is based on the X window system.
Linux is one of the popular versions of the UNIX operating system. It is an open-source software because its source code is freely available. It is free to use. Linux was designed considering UNIX compatibility. Its functionality list is very similar to UNIX.
History of Linux - Linux History?
The operating system started in the year 1991 when a student named Linux Torvalds created the free operating system Kernel in his personal project. And Linux Kernel continued to evolve from then until now.
The interesting thing is that at that time, he designed this program for his computer. And he wanted to buy Unix 386 Intel computers. But Linux was unable to buy that computer due to its economic status. In this way, a small program by him introduced the Linux kernel to the world.
During that time computers were of a very large size and their operating systems were also different. You can understand how difficult it must be to operate them. With this, each software was prepared with a different purpose and it was not possible to use that software on every computer.
What is the difference between Unix and Linux?
You may have heard of Unix, an operating system developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Unix and Linux are similar in many ways, and in fact, Linux was originally created similar to Unix. Both have similar devices for interfacing with systems, programming tools, filesystem layouts, and other key components. However, Unix is not independent. Over the years, many different operating systems have been created that attempt to be "Unix-like" or "Unix-compatible", but Linux has been the most successful, surpassing its predecessors in popularity.
Components of Linux
Linux operating system mainly consists of three components:-
Kernel:- The kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all the major activities of the computer operating system. It includes various modules and it interacts directly with the underlying hardware. The kernel provides the abstraction needed to hide low-level hardware details in a system or application program.
System libraries:- System libraries are specialized functions or programs of Linux, using which application programs or system utilities access the features of the kernel. These libraries implement most of the functionality of the operating system and do not require access to the code of the kernel module.
System Utility:- System utility programs are responsible for performing specific levels of work.
Features of Linux
1. Linux is portable
Linux is written in C programming language which is not related to any type of computer hardware. It is capable of running on any type of computer like PCAT, MACINTOSH
2. Linux is a multitasking & multi-user Operating System.
Multi-user facilities provided in Linux are more powerful than other operating systems, Linux can have multiple user accounts in the same way as other operating systems, but at the same time, many users can do their work by login one. You can choose your own desktop. And can be given its own separate directory password, that is, no user can make any changes in the directory of another user.
3. Network information service
A network structure is created to connect several computers of different types and use them. Which is called networking. Linux is specifically developed to work in networking. Through Linux, we can share the password and divide the files into groups and use them on the network.
4. Multitasking
In Linux, a program is broken down into smaller tasks. Multitasking is the ability of the operating system to perform many tasks simultaneously.
5. Virtual Memory
If we edit a large program or application. So we need some physical memory which is stored in the hard disk and can be used when needed.
6. Linux is network friendly
Linux is a network-friendly operating system, the use of Linux is increasing day by day and even various application software such as antivirus, etc. is becoming necessary to be updated through the internet on time, which means that slowly every computer user It has become necessary to stay connected with the internet, so it is only natural that after the popularity and development of the internet, Also the operating systems are equipped with powerful tools related to the internet.
Today, compatibility of any network has become an important criterion to test it, because many programmers have developed themselves together through the internet, so in particular, the Internet More prioritized Linux operating system in itself Strong Internet service provider ability to function Everything hurts as well as it can act as a client or server on any operating system
7. Linux is open
With Linux distribution, its source code is also available which we can change as per our requirement, in that sense Linux is an open system.
8. Multiprogramming
Linux is a multi grooming system, which means that many applications can run at the same time.
9. Hierarchical File System
Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/user files are organized.
10. Shell
Linux provides a special interpreter program that can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to program a variety of operations, call applications.
11. Security
Linux provides user protection such as password protection / controlled access to specific files/encryption of data.
The Linux operating system includes several different parts:
Bootloader:- software that manages your computer's boot process. For most users, it will simply be a splash screen that pops up and eventually moves to the operating system to boot.
Kernel:- It manages CPU, memory, and peripheral devices. The kernel is the lowest level of the Computer Operating System.
Daemons:- These are background services (printing, sound, scheduling, etc.) that start either during boot or after logging on to the desktop. This is commonly referred to as an X server or just X.
Desktop Environment:- This is the part that users actually interact with. There are many desktop environments to choose from (GNOME, Cinnamon, Mate, Pantheon, Enlightenment, KDE, Xfce, etc.).
What is a "Linux distribution?"
Linux has many different versions for any type of user. From new users to hard-core users, you'll get Linux's "Flavor" to match your needs. These versions are called distributions (or, for short, "distros"). Almost every distribution of Linux can be downloaded for free, burned to disk (or USB thumb drive), and installed.
Popular Linux distributions include:
- LINUX MINT
- manjaro
- DEBIAN
- UBUNTU
- ANTERGOS
- SOLUS
- FEDORA
- ELEMENTARY OS
- OpenSUSE
Each distribution has a different look on the desktop. Some opt for very modern user interfaces (such as GNOME and Pantheon of Elementary OS), while others use more traditional desktop environments (such as the use of KDE).
Linux Architecture
The architecture of Linux systems consists of the following layers -
Hardware layer:- Computer Hardware consists of all peripheral devices like (RAM / HDD / CPU etc.).
Kernel:- It is the core component of the operating system, interacts directly with the hardware, providing lower-level services to the upper layer components.
Shell:- This is an interface for the kernel, hiding the complexity of the kernel's functions from users. The shell takes commands from the user and performs the functions of the kernel.
Utilities:- Utility programs that provide the user with most of the functionality of an operating system.
What is the difference between a Windows and Linux operating system?
C, D, E drives in Windows which have many folders but on the other hand, there is no drive in Linux.
In the Windows system, we cannot store two files with the same name in a folder, but in the Linux operating system, 2 files can be saved in a folder.
The Windows operating system has a total of three accounts, including Guest, Standard, Administrator, while the regular, root and service accounts, on the other hand, are the account types of Linux systems.
Open-source software works in Linux systems, while Closed Source software works in Windows.
Windows operating system is for single-user whereas the Linux system is multi-user.
Linux operating systems are considered to be a more secure OS than Windows because they have fewer virus attack opportunities.
However, due to the simple use of a Windows system and more features, most users use Windows operating system.
Linux operating system features
The most important thing to know is that it is virus-free compared to almost all windows operating systems. Virus attacks such as spyware, Trojan, adware, etc. are not common in Linux OS. Because of which it is considered the most secure operating system.
Linux is free and very cheap compared to the Windows operating system. Variants and versions of Linux can run for several months, years, without rebooting.
Most games in Linux OS are free or open-source. Programs like Open Office, Star Office are free in Linux OS.
Since most Linux programs and variants are open source, due to which the user can do the coding as required.
Linux OS is used in homes, schools and various companies. Because Linux has always been considered the safest operating system.
No license is required to purchase a Linux OS. And like Windows, all applications can be easily used in Linux.
Linux is very powerful, which means that the chances of it crashing are low and the system is not completely down even in the event of a crash. It also protects the user from malware.
Negative effects of Linux
However, the Linux operating system being open source, the user can customize it according to his own. But even today it is more difficult for a non-technical person to use Linux than Windows.
A large number of software programs are found in the Linux operating system, but program installation is difficult compared to Windows.
Here you have to understand that Linux gained less popularity in the market than Windows, due to which you do not usually see programs according to your mind. It is generally seen that it is not easy to connect printers and Blu ray disks in Linux operating system.
Linux is not easy to use like Windows and Mac operating systems because it requires technical knowledge, especially the biggies have problems while using Linux operating system. Therefore, it is important to have knowledge of things before using the Linux operating system.
Many types of programs do not work in the Linux operating system and the following amount of computer hardware is supported in the Linux operating system, as well as not all drivers support the Linux OS.
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